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萧伯纳(1856～1950年)
Shaw, George Bernard 爱尔兰剧作家、评论家。1876年移居伦敦以後成为音乐和艺术评论，并发表书籍和戏剧评论，同时是社会主义费边社活跃的成员。在第一部戏剧《鳏夫的房产》（1892）中，他强调社会经济问题而不是浪漫，采用了他的作品的一贯特点－－反讽喜剧的格调。萧伯纳形容这部戏剧为「不愉快的」，因为它迫使观众面对不愉快的事实。这些「不愉快的戏剧」还包括《华伦夫人的职业》（1893），该剧关注卖淫，一直被禁止演出，直到1902年。萧伯纳後来又写了四部「愉快」戏剧，包括喜剧《武器与人》（1894）和《康蒂妲》（1895）。在《巴巴拉少校》（1905）、《医生的窘境》（1911）和他的喜剧杰作《卖花女》（1913）中，他用高雅喜剧来探讨社会的弱点。其他的着名戏剧包括《安德罗克勒斯和狮子》（1912）、《伤心之家》（1919）以及《圣女贞德》（1923）。他的其他作品和言论使他成为一个备受争议的公众人物。1925年萧伯纳获诺贝尔文学奖。 English version： 1856～1950年 Shaw, George Bernard Irish playwright and critic. After moving to London in 1876, he worked for years as a music and art critic, wrote book and theater reviews, and was an active member of the socialist Fabian Society. In his first play, Widowers' Houses (1892), he emphasized social and economic issues instead of romance, adopting the ironic comedic tone that would characterize all his work. He described his first plays as “unpleasant” because they forced the spectator to face unpleasant facts; these included Mrs. Warren's Profession (1893), which concerned prostitution and was barred from performance until 1902. He then wrote four “pleasant” plays, including the comedies Arms and the Man (1894) and Candida (1895). His next plays included Caesar and Cleopatra (1899) and Man and Superman (1905). He used high comedy to explore society's foibles in Major Barbara (1905), The Doctor's Dilemma (1911), and Pygmalion (1913), his comedic masterpiece. Other notable plays include Androcles and the Lion (1912), Heartbreak House (1919), and Saint Joan (1923). His other writings and speeches made him a controversial public figure for much of his life. He received the Nobel Prize in 1925.
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